Code-Mixing in South/Western Nigerian Hip-Hop Music: A Sociolinguistic Perspective

Abstract

This qualitative research study investigates the phenomenon of code-mixing in South/Western Nigerian hip-hop music from a sociolinguistic perspective. Nigerian hip-hop has gained widespread popularity both domestically and internationally, providing musicians with a platform to address social and cultural issues while expressing their creativity. A defining feature of Nigerian hip-hop is the frequent use of code-mixing, where multiple languages and language varieties are combined in the lyrics. In this study, code-mixing in a selected sample of 5 songs from 4 South/Western Nigerian hip-hop artists is thoroughly examined, with a focus on its linguistic characteristics, social implications, and artistic motivations. The study aims to enhance understanding of the interplay between language, culture, and music within the Nigerian hip-hop genre by analysing the lyrics and the contexts in which code-mixed songs are created. This research applies the Markedness Model, a sociolinguistic theory developed by Myers-Scotton, which is relevant to qualitative studies of language choice and code-switching. The model helps to interpret how and why artists alternate between languages to convey social meanings, assert identities, and align with cultural norms. The qualitative methodology employed investigates linguistic elements such as lexical borrowing, code-mixing, and language variety. It also explores how code-mixing influences cultural representation, identity formation, and the preservation of indigenous languages. Additionally, the study delves into the artistic motivations behind code-mixing, including language innovation, expressive authenticity, and cultural pride. The findings provide insights into the sociolinguistic importance and cultural ramifications of code-mixing, showcasing it as a dynamic and creative linguistic practice within Nigerian hip-hop music.